2.+Teaching+Reading+&+Phonics

 To effectively teach children how to read, it is essential that teachers take a balanced approach in which all types of reading are included. There are many different ways of teaching a child to read, however modelled reading, shared reading and guided reading are the most common strategies. media type="youtube" key="vjJvMBib0-s&hl=en" height="355" width="425"  Modelled reading     involves reading aloud to the class daily. From time-to-time the teacher might stop reading and ‘think aloud’ about the various aspects of the reading process. The method is effective for demonstrating ‘getting meaning’ strategies such as reading back, checking for meaning out loud, and so forth. When the teacher ‘thinks aloud’ students can begin to see and hear what an effective reader does when blocked by an unknown word, when unsure of the meaning of a sentence, or when confused about the overall meaning of the text. A variety of texts, including picture books, fiction and factual texts, can be used in all grades. Reading to children leads to vocabulary acquisition and demonstrates effective reading aloud skills. It fosters an understanding of reasons for reading and provides a time for demonstrating strategies as well as reading for pleasure. Encouraging parents to read aloud to their children at home can enhance the benefits of this classroom-based strategy. (Ainley, J & Fleming, M 2000) In modelled reading ‘the teacher reads aloud a book which is above the students' reading level. Students may or may not have a copy of the text with which to follow along. The purpose of modelled reading is to demonstrate a skill or ability such as: fluency, fix-up strategy, think aloud.’ (Coltheart, M & Prior M 2007)   Shared reading is ‘an activity in which the teacher reads a story while the students look at the text being read and follow along. The text may be in the form of a large book, an overhead transparency or multiple copies of a the text. The teacher models what a skilled reader does with a text. During this time the teacher may introduce print conventions, teach vocabulary, introduce a reading skill, encourage predictions, and more….’ Student engage with the text over a series of repeated reading for a variety of purposes. (Coltheart, M & Prior M 2007)  **There are three specific parts to shared reading, however all three concepts may be used in conjunction with other reading strategies. **    __Before Reading:__  Before the class even starts, the teacher must choose a text that is appropriate for the students and one that will keep their attention. The text should be suitable for the year level being taught. Before reading the text, the teacher should show the children the cover and read them the blurb. A word splash could be made to predict the beginning, middle and end of the text. (Coltheart, M & Prior M 2007)  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">__During Reading:__ <span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">During the reading try and keep it continuous and fun for the children. The teacher must engage all students to show that reading is fun. Students will not listen if the text is not exciting or entertaining therefore the teacher may ask questions throughout the text to focus the students on the task of sitting and taking in all the information required as a result actively involving the students. __ <span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">After Reading:   __ <span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">After the reading a group discussion about the text, along with several questions and any explanations of new concepts should take place. <span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif"> Guided reading is when ‘t   he teacher interacts with small groups of students as they read books that present a challenge. The teacher introduces reading strategies, tailoring the instruction to the needs of the students. When the students read, the teacher provides praise and encouragement as well as prompts when needed. The ultimate goal of guided reading is to help children learn how to use independent reading strategies successfully."   <span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">Much like shared reading it is suggested that the teacher go through the text only looking at the pictures first, finding any challenging words and helping the students recognize and read that specific word. This approach is the start of individual reading. Then groups of no more than six read the story together. The teacher will move around the selected small group of the day, providing assurance and prompts for any student when needed. When planning guided reading the teacher must be aware that students with similar reading abilities should be grouped together if possible and also ensuring that the chosen text is appropriate for each group. media type="youtube" key="uMC4KLyQezI&hl=en" height="355" width="425"

<span style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">Video's taken from YouTube on the 23/4/08 How to Correct Common Reading Problems in Children : Reading Problems in Kids: Letter Relationship < <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">How to Teach a Child to Read in Steps : Pictures and Phonics in Teaching Kids to Read <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">http://youtube.com/watch?v=vjJvMBib0-s <span <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif">